![]() ![]() ![]() The bladder also receives parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation, and the sympathetic nerve dilates the bladder constricting its internal sphincter. The antispasmodic qualities are also exerted on bronchi, biliary tract, urinary routes and bladder.It works well in conjunction with morphine, because it decreases hypertonicity created by the morphine when treating for colon pain. Atropine also acts in the digestive tract by decreasing amplitude, tone, and frequency of contractions. ![]() With the exception of vascular muscles, acetylcholine contracts smooth muscles, and atropine has an antispasmodic response by inhibiting this acetylcholine effect.The atropine mechanism of action can last very long, and dilation of the pupil can persist over several days.Atropine can cause paralysis of the ciliary muscle or cycloplegia, resulting in disturbed vision.In treating people predisposed to narrow-angle glaucoma with atropine, it tends to elevate intra-ocular pressure that hinders evacuation of aqueous humor (clear fluid filling the space in the front of the eyeball between the lens and the cornea), by the Schlemm channel, and should not be used in these patients.Atropine eye-drops results in passive mydriasis or pupil dilation, and increases the diameter of the iris by stymieing parasympathetic influence on the eye.However, a very high or toxic dose will cause a fall of the arterial pressure by depression of the cutaneous vasodilation and vasomotor centers that may be secondary to a histamine release. Action on the arterial pressure: Atropine in a therapeutic dose does not cause changes of arterial pressure even though the heart rate increases, and does not have any vascular effects.A more moderate dose generally results in heart acceleration by the elimination of reflex bradycardia, and the reduction of vagal tone amid arterial hypertension. In low doses, a slight slowing of the heart is attributed to the incidental parasympathetic effect and central vagal stimulation that leads to a short term increase of acetylcholine. Cardiac action: The atropine results in modifications of the heart rate.It can also be used as an anticholinergicby blocking the effects of acetylcholinein the stomach, intestines, nervous system, urinary tract, certain glands, and other tissues. It is also used to treat spasms in the intestines, stomach, and other organs. Small doses of atropine slow down the heart rate before characteristic tachycardia develops. Atropine-induced parasympathetic is especially useful on the heart, where tachycardia develops due to paralysis of vagal control. Atropine can also diminish the paralysis of respiration resulting from the actions of toxic agents on the central nervous system prior to surgery. What's Atropine Used For?Ītropine reduces excretion in the mouth, respiratory passages, relieves spasms and the constriction of the respiratory passages. However, it's more accurately an anti-muscarinic agent, because it counteracts themuscarine-like behaviourof acetylcholine and other choline esters. The atropine mechanism of action is classified as an antiparasympathetic(parasympatholytic), or anticholinergic drug. It can be administered either through eye drops, injection, or in oral form. ![]() Atropine is used as a muscle relaxant that inhibits nerve responses and for dilating the pupil of the eye. Atropine is a poisonous compound found in the deadly belladonna plant. ![]()
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